大量生产铝矾土 铝矾土生料 铝矾土熟料
铝矾土简介:
铝矾土(aluminoussoil;bauxite)又称矾土或铝土矿,主要成分是氧化铝,系含有杂质的水合氧化铝,是一种土状矿物。白色或灰白色,因含铁而呈褐黄或浅红色。密度3.9~4g/cm3,硬度1~3,不透明,质脆。极难熔化。不溶于水,能溶于硫酸、氢氧化钠溶液。主要用于炼铝,制耐火材料。
耐火材料行业所称的铝矾土通常是指煅烧后Al2O3>=48%、而含Fe2O3较低的铝土矿,高铝矾土熟料是经过煅烧的铝矾土矿。熟料为灰白浅黄及深灰色,它主要用于高铝质耐火材料,也可用来制作电熔棕刚玉。
铝矾土划分级别的标准:
高铝矾土熟料是按AL2O3含量及Fe2O3、TiO2、CaO+MgO、K2O+Na2O等杂质含量和熟料体积密度与吸水等项指标来分级的。
铝矾土的种类、级别:
(1)生矾土,即矾土原矿石(天然沉积岩类)。
(2)熟矾土,将生矾土经高温煅烧后(1200~1700℃)称为熟矾土。
铝矾土煅烧后,其物化性能变化如下:
1、外观由原来的灰、深灰、灰黄、灰白、红黄等颜色,转变为白色、米黄色、棕红色、蓝色,而蓝色随着含铝量增高而加深。原来的土状光泽变为刚玉光泽或油脂光泽,有时表面出现轻微的熔化石或裂缝;
2、氧化铝含量增加11~13%,其他杂质增加量微;
3、体积缩小23%左右;
4、烧失量为14.5%左右;
5、由一水型铝石或一水铝—高岭石型,转变为人造刚玉、莫来石及少量玻璃相;
6、硬度由原来的1~3增加到8以上;
7、体积密度由原来的2.5g/cm3左右增加至2.8~3g/cm3以上;
8、结晶水、结构水、附着水全部溢出;
9、结构上由疏、松、软变为致密坚硬;
10、吸水性降低;抗渣性、抗碱性增强;
12.强度增加;
13.渗透性减少;
14.气化率减少;
15.易挥发成分、易燃烧成分、土气味完全消失;
16.耐火度达到1780℃以上。
(3)熟矾土按煅烧窑炉不同分为:
①竖炉熟矾土(SHAFTKILNBAUXITE);②转炉熟矾土(ROTARYKILNBAUXITE);③倒焰窑矾土(ROUNDKILNBAUXITE)。
(4)熟矾土按不同用途分为:
①耐火级矾土;②研磨级矾土;③电焊级矾土。
铝矾土检验指标:
(1)高铝矾土(含Al2O385%以上)要求检验项目:
Al2O3:耐火级85~87%以上,研磨级86%以上,电焊级87%以上;SiO2:耐火级6~7%以下,研磨级5~6%以下;Fe2O3:耐火级1.6~2%以下,耐磨级2%以下;TiO2:耐火级3.5~4%以下,研磨级4~4.5%以下;K2O+Na2O+CaO+MgO:耐火级0.5~1%以下,研磨级0.5~1%以下。电焊级矾土有的还要求检验磷、硫、锰等项目。
B.D.(体积密度):耐火级3.10~3.20g/cm3以上,研磨级、电焊级不要求检验该项目。
L.O.I(烧失量):均为0.3%以下。
粒度:按买方要求制定,一般有自然块、100mm、50mm、25mm、10mm、5mm、3mm、1mm等。
水份:一般0.5~1.5%之间,超过扣重或其它条款。
(2)一般矾土(含Al2O380%以上)要求检验项目:
耐火级:不小于Al2O3:80%;Fe2O3:不大于2%;B.D:不小于2.8g/cm3;粒度及水份按买方要求制定。
另外,还有将合同中粒度签定为细粉的,一般要求在100~200目之间,通过率85~90%以上。
(3)铁矾土要求检验项目:
Al2O3:不小于80%;Fe2O3:4~10%;TiO2:不大于4%;SiO2:不大于7%,粒度:按买方要求制定。
(4)生矾土要求检验项目:
Al2O3:70~73%;Fe2O3:1.5%左右;TiO2:不大于4%;SiO2:不大于6%;烧失量:14~15%;K2O+Na2O+CaO+MgO=0.5~1%。
Bauxiteintroduction:
Bauxite(aluminoussoil;bauxite)alsocalledaluminaorbauxite,themaincomponentisalumina,systemcontainsimpuritieshydratedalumina,itisakindofearthymineral.Whiteorgrey,forironandabrownyelloworlightred.Density3.9~4g/cm3,hardness1~3,nottransparent,isverybrittle.Verydifficulttomelt.Insolubleinwater,solubleinsulfuricacid,sodiumhydroxidesolution.Mainlyusedforaluminumsmelting,systemrefractorymaterial.
Refractoryindustry"bauxiteisusuallyreferstoaftercalcinationAl2O3>=48%,andcontainFe2O3lowerbauxite,highbauxiteclinkerisaftercalcinedbauxiteore.Clinkerforyellowgreyanddarkgrey,itismainlyusedforhighaluminumrefractorymaterial,canalsobeusedtomakefusedcorundum.
Bauxitedivisionlevelstandard:
HighbauxiteclinkeristopressAL2O3contentandFe2O3,TiO2,CaO+MgO,K2O+Na2Oimpuritycontentandclinkervolumedensityandwaterabsorptionandindicatorstotheclassification.
Bauxitetypes,level:
(1)rawbauxite,namelyaluminarawore(naturalsedimentaryrockclass).
(2)thecalcinedbauxite,willbebornbythehightemperaturecalcinedaluminaafter(1200~1700℃)calledcalcinedbauxite.
Aftercalcinedbauxite,itsphysicochemicalpropertieschangeasfollows:
1,appearanceoftheoriginalgrey,darkgray,gray,red,withthecolorsuchasyellow,intowhite,beige,brownishred,blue,andbluewithaluminizedquantityincreaseanddeepen.Theoriginalearthylusterintocorundumglossoroilyluster,sometimessurfaceappearslightlyfusefossilorcrack;
2,aluminacontentincreased11~13%,otherimpuritygainmicro;
3,volumereduced23%orso,
4,ignitionlossfor14.5%;
5,thewatertypeLvShiormonohydratealuminum-kaolinitetype,intoartificialcorundum,mulliteandasmallamountofglassphase;
6,hardnessbyoriginal1~3increasedtomorethaneight;
7,bulkdensityfrom2.5g/cm3increasedtoabout2.8~3g/cm3above;
8,waterofcrystallization,thestructureofwater,attachedwateralloverflow;
9,structurebydrainage,pine,softintodensehard;
10,reducewater;
Slagresistance,alkaliresistanceincrease,
12.Strengthincrease;
13.Permeabilityreduced;
14.Therateofgasificationreduced;
15.Volatilecomponent,easycombustioncomposition,soilsmelldisappearcompletely;
16.Refractorydegreesto1780℃above.
(3)calcinedbauxitebycalciningkilndifferentisdividedinto:
(1)theSHAFTfurnacecalcinedBAUXITE(SHAFTKILNBAUXITE);(2)convertercalcinedBAUXITE(ROTARYKILNBAUXITE);(3)fallflameKILNalumina(ROUNDKILNBAUXITE).
(4)calcinedbauxiteaccordingtodifferentpurposeisdividedinto:
(1)refractorygradealumina;(2)thegrindinggradealumina;(3)weldinggradealumina.
6.Testindex
(1)highbauxite(includingAl2O385%above)requestinspectionitems:
Al2O3:refractorylevel85~87%above,groundlevelabove86%,weldinglevelabove87%;SiO2:refractorygrade6~7%andthegrindinglevel5~6%below;Fe2O3:refractorygrade1.6~2%below,wear-resistinglevelbelow2%;TiO2:refractorygrade3.5~4%andthegrindinggrade4~4.5%below;K2O+Na2O+CaO+MgO:refractorygrade0.5~1%andthegrindinglevelbelow0.5~1%.Weldinggradealuminasomealsorequiresinspectionphosphorus,sulfur,manganeseprojects.
B.D.(bulkdensity):refractorygrade3.10~3.20g/cm3,abovegroundlevel,weldingleveldoesnotrequiretestingtheproject.
L.O.I(ignitionloss):allisbelow0.3%.
Size:accordingtothepurchasersdemandformulation,usuallyhaveanaturalblock,100mm,fiftymm,25mm,10mm,5mm,3mm,1mm,etc.
Water:generallybetween0.5~1.5%,morethanbuttonheavyorotherterms.
(2)generalalumina(includingAl2O380%above)requestinspectionitems:
Refractorylevel:notlessthan80%,Al2O3:Fe2O3:nomorethan2%;B.D:notlessthan2.8g/cm3;Particlesizeandwateraccordingtothepurchaserscalledfor.
Inaddition,stillhavethecontractsignedsizeforfinepowder,generalrequirementsin100~200mesh,percentofpassbetween85~90%.
(3)bauxiterequestinspectionitems:
Al2O3:nolessthan80%;Fe2O3:4~10%;TiO2:nomorethan4%;SiO2:nomorethan7%,size:accordingtobuyersrequest,makeout.
(4)rawbauxiterequestinspectionitem:
Al2O3:70~73%;Fe2O3:1.5%;TiO2:nomorethan4%;SiO2:nomorethan6%;Ignitionloss:14~15%;K2O+Na2O+CaO+MgO=0.5~1%.
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